Should the United States resume food, energy, and/or denuclearization assistance to North Korea? This is the major issue facing Congress in considering the provision of aid to Pyongyang. Between 1995 and 2008, the United States provided North Korea with over $1.3 billion in assistance: just over 50% for food aid and about 40% for energy assistance. As discussed in this report, Members of Congress have a number of tools, most notably the annual appropriations process, they could use to influence the implementation of future aid programs with North Korea.