This report explains the critical linkages between population dynamics and sustainable development, and outlines a human-rights-based framework to address associated challenges and seize opportunities. It served as the basis for over a dozen briefings and consultations prior to Rio +20. In addition to informing the conference, the report includes important lessons for discussions of the international development goals post-2015. It argues that:

• Population dynamics have a significant influence on sustainable development.
• Efforts to promote sustainable development that do not address population dynamics will continue to, fail.
• Population dynamics are not destiny. Change is possible through a set of policies which respect human rights and freedoms and contribute to a reduction in fertility, notably access to sexual and reproductive health care, education beyond the primary level, and the empowerment of women.