Take Diagnostics for All, a social enterprise innovating point-of-care (PoC) diagnostics. Its new liver-health test in India is the size of a postage stamp and free of equipment, allowing providers to perform tests just about anywhere, in under 15 minutes, and for less than one cent. As the enterprise reminds us, “in resource-poor countries, where roughly 20 percent of TB patients and 25 percent of HIV patients, lacking access to diagnostic tools, succumb to liver complications,” this is no inconsequential innovation.

Project Masiluleke uncovered a key insight that made the case for an at-home HIV test: South Africans, especially men, avoided HIV testing at clinics for fear of being seen. In one survey, 78 percent stated that they would prefer to test in the privacy of their home. To overcome the barrier preventing men from knowing their status, HIV diagnostics would have to leave the clinic and enter the home.