South Africa, home to the world’s largest HIV treatment programme, is trying to pull off the most extensive global HIV testing campaign but the ambitious initiative is facing some daunting realities. Launched in April 2010, the campaign aims to test 15 million South Africans over 12 months.  The government is preparing to re-launch the campaign and expand its reach to schools and workplaces, but Mark Heywood, vice-chairman of the South African National AIDS Council (SANAC), has highlighted evidence of poor funding, monitoring and implementation.