By the World Bank, 2007. The report is currently in press and will be published in December 2007. However, it is already available in the public domain. This paper is a “must read” and has important implications for agricultural and food security programmes aimed at tackling hunger and malnutrition. Based on a review of the evidence, the argues that hunger and malnutrition in the world will not be eliminated through agricultural production or raising incomes alone, unless such interventions are complemented by interventions that address other determinants of nutrition, such as improving the quality of diets, child feeding practices, water, sanitation and healthcare. The study posits that the concept of "food security", defined by the 1996 World Food Summit as existing: "... when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life" is seldom employed in its complete form. "The agricultural community frequently neglects the nutritional aspects of the definition and in so doing misses an opportunity to contribute to improved nutrition outcomes". The paper presents fresh evidence which supports earlier findings showing that agricultural interventions are most likely to be successful in reducing child malnutrition if they incorporate a strong nutrition information/education component and employ gender considerations. According to the report, studies from Asia show that: "....households with nutrition knowledge and skills allocate substantially larger shares of their household food budgets to foods rich in micronutrients and are unwilling to reduce consumption when staple food prices increases. This impact is not due to maternal schooling per se, which has been independently demonstrated to improve child nutrition outcomes". Similarly, evidence from Afica shows that interventions that successfully translate increased and diversified production into better nutrition outcomes, especially for children, usually include strong nutrition education and demand creation components, using multiple channels and targeting multiple audiences. Most of the evidence examined comes from small-scale projects with an experimental design. A major challenge remains how to scale up such interventions to achieve a broader impact.