All Indigenous Peoples have the fundamental human right to their traditional lands. This report documents the efforts of the Alyawarr and Anmatyerr Peoples of the Utopia homelands in Central Australia to assert their identities and connection to their traditional homelands. It shows Alyawarr and Anmatyerr Peoples’ ongoing struggle to live a healthy life on their homelands despite a series of legislative and policy changes made at a national, state, territory and local level over the last decade that have been detrimental to the rights of Aboriginal Peoples to live on their ancestral lands.