“The report intends to provide policy relevant information on the assessment of the environmental and social costs and benefits of biofuels. It examines both the concerns of critical developments, and describes the options for a more sustainable use of biomass and measures to increase resource productivity. The focus is on first generation biofuels thus reflecting the state-of-the-art and data reliability. Nevertheless, the report puts technology and policy development into perspective. It marks uncertainties and addresses the needs for research and development, also for advanced biofuels. In doing so, it delivers no final word, but a concentration of current knowledge, aimed to support decision making and future scientific work towards a sustainable “bio-economy”.”