The United Nations Model Double Taxation Convention between Developed and Developing Countries (the United Nations Model Convention) forms part of the continuing international efforts aimed at eliminating double taxation. These Models, particularly the United Nations Model Convention and the OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital (the OECD Model Convention) have had a profound influence on international treaty practice, and have significant common provisions. The similarities between these two leading Models reflect the importance of achieving consistency where possible. On the other hand, the important areas of divergence exemplify, and allow a close focus upon, some key differences in approach or emphasis as exemplified in country practice.

Broadly, the general objectives of bilateral tax treaties therefore include the protection of taxpayers against double taxation with a view to improving the flow of international trade and investment and the transfer of technology. They also aim to prevent certain types of discrimination as between foreign investors and local taxpayers, and to provide a reasonable element of legal and fiscal certainty as a framework within which international operations can confidently be carried on. With this background, tax treaties should contribute to the furtherance of the development aims of developing countries.