Executive Summary 'For more than 25 years the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has provided vital leadership to international forestry efforts. Through substantial investments, USAID has led forest conservation efforts that have improved landscapes, livelihoods, and governance worldwide. This study captures and highlights the major results of USAID’s efforts in natural forest management. The study is in three parts: Volume One-Study Summary; this volume-Study Report; and Volume Three-Focus Country Profiles. The accompanying bibliographic database and other materials chronicle the history of USAID forestry programs and are designed to assist the agency in formulating and evaluating policy and programmatic recommendations for future natural forest management programming. The study is based on information derived from two principal sources of data: an extensive review of global literature from USAID-supported projects, and 10 focus-country studies. These studies were based on country visits that consisted of site visits and structured interviews with government officials, USAID staff, project staff, and project beneficiaries. A core group of senior natural resource management specialists conducted the study, guided by the Forestry Team at USAID, and supported by an independent Advisory Group.'