Brazil recently launched a cross-ministerial programme—the Plano Nacional de Promoção das Cadeias de Produtos da Sociobiodiversidade (PNPSB)—to facilitate the ‘sustainable’ development of environmentally and socially sustainable productive chains for sociobiodiversity products. The program framework for the PNPSB incorporates a strong focus on fostering productive inclusion (inclusão produtiva) which broadly entails creating conditions for the poor (extractivists, traditional communities and family farmers in this instance) to improve their productive capacities and strengthen their insertion in productive activities.