Young Lives is a long-term international research project investigating the changing nature of childhood poverty in four developing countries – Ethiopia, Peru, India (the state of Andhra Pradesh) and Vietnam – over 15 years.This report presents initial findings from the second round of data collection carried out in Ethiopia in late 2006 to early 2007. It gives a broad outline of some of the key indicators of childhood poverty and changes that have taken place in the children’s lives between the first round of data collection in 2002 and the second.