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		<description>  <![CDATA[on 'Iraq']]>  <![CDATA[]]>  </description>
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    <guid isPermaLink="false">304596</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[IOM Iraq - 2010 Governorate Profiles on Displacement and Return]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/iom-iraq-2010-governorate-profiles-on-displacement-and-return/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[The International Organization for Migration – Mission in Iraq is pleased to release its 2010 updated Iraq Governorate Profiles on Displacement and Return, covering all Governorate. The profiles are presented in a new format including an expanded section on current and potential return in each governorate]]></description>
    <!--author>by <a href="http://zunia.org/directory/profile/?profuserid=502531&amp;cHash=92b72fae8e" target="_self" class="member_bubble" userid="502531">Roberto Pitea</a></author-->
    <pubDate>Wed, 21 Jul 2010 02:27:35 -0400</pubDate>
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    <guid isPermaLink="false">302975</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Resolving Iraqi Displacement: Humanitarian and Development Perspectives]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/resolving-iraqi-displacement-humanitarian-and-development-perspectives-2/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[This report was commissioned by the Brookings-Bern Project on Internal Displacement to frame the issues for discussion at a conference in Doha, Qatar on regional perspectives on Iraqi displacement. This conference sought to provide a forum for discussion of durable solutions for both internally displaced persons (IDPs) within Iraq and those who have taken refuge in nearby countries. This study is based on a review of documents and on interviews with over forty representatives of governments and ]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Mon, 21 Jun 2010 06:06:53 -0400</pubDate>
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    <guid isPermaLink="false">302697</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Turkey’s New Engagement in Iraq]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/turkeys-new-engagement-in-iraq-1/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[On the eve of the U.S. withdrawal from Iraq, relations among Turkey, Iraq, and the Kurdistan Regional Government have been dramatically transformed for the better. While this report examines the change in relations and what led to the improvements, it also argues that grounds remain for continued concern, as sustained attention is needed on the eve of the U.S. military’s departure to prevent events from undermining the progress achieved to date. In this respect, this report reflects on an earlie]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Sun, 13 Jun 2010 14:03:49 -0400</pubDate>
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    <guid isPermaLink="false">302338</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[The Impact of U.S. Military Drawdown in Iraq on Displaced and Other Vulnerable Populations: Analysis and Recommendations]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/the-impact-of-us-military-drawdown-in-iraq-on-displaced-and-other-vulnerable-populations-analysis/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[As the United States continues to draw down its forces and prepares to eventually end its substantial military involvement in Iraq, it must recognize that this drawdown will affect vulnerable and at-risk populations, some of whom have depended on U.S. forces for their security over the last six years. How vulnerable groups are affected by the U.S. drawdown has significant implications for the evolution of Iraq and U.S. policy interests in Iraq and the Middle East more broadly. Oliker, Grant, and]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia to <a href="http://stabilization.zunia.org/" target="_self" >Stabilization &amp; Reconstruction</a></author-->
    <pubDate>Mon, 07 Jun 2010 03:52:50 -0400</pubDate>
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    <guid isPermaLink="false">301877</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Interview - Zainab Salbi: Leader for Education]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/interview-zainab-salbi-leader-for-education/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[Zainab Salbi is co-founder and CEO of Women for Women International, a grassroots international humanitarian and development organization helping women survivors of war rebuild their lives, families and communities. A survivor of war herself, Ms. Salbi grew up in Iraq, and was sent to America for an arranged but ultimately abusive marriage. Stranded in America by the Gulf War, she escaped the marriage and started her life over. She co-founded the organization in 1993, at the age of 23, as a resp]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Mon, 24 May 2010 06:50:05 -0400</pubDate>
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    <guid isPermaLink="false">301743</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[UN Says Plight of Many Displaced Iraqis Worsens]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/un-says-plight-of-many-displaced-iraqis-worsens/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[By all reports, the security situation across Iraq has improved over the past two years. But as it has, the plight has worsened of many people who previously fled to other parts of Iraq to escape the violence. The UN refugee agency reported this week that the number of Iraqis living in squatters' camps -- the last stop for desperate families -- is now half a million.]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Thu, 20 May 2010 01:52:11 -0400</pubDate>
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    <guid isPermaLink="false">301703</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Promising Democracy, Imposing Theocracy: Gender-Based Violence and the US War on Iraq]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/promising-democracy-imposing-theocracy-gender-based-violence-and-the-us-war-on-iraq/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[Since 2003, the media has documented Iraq’s mounting civilian death toll. A few accounts have also described the ongoing rise in violence against women. But few analyzes have examined the relationship between these phenomena. Most casualty reports by governments, the United Nations, and human rights organizations have not disaggregated data by sex. They fail, therefore, to reflect the growing number of attacks on Iraqi women and the rising incidence in gender-based attacks. For women have not on]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Wed, 19 May 2010 03:12:00 -0400</pubDate>
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    <guid isPermaLink="false">301178</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Public Health Equity in Refugee and Other Displaced Persons Settings]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/public-health-equity-in-refugee-and-other-displaced-persons-settings-1/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[Addressing concerns about public health equity in the context of violent conflict and the consequent forced displacement of populations raises operational and ethical issues for the United Nations for High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Priorities of service delivery, the allocation choices, and the processes by which these choices are arrived at are now coming under renewed scrutiny in the light of the estimated two million refugees who fled from Iraq since 2003. This discussion document ex]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Wed, 05 May 2010 08:00:15 -0400</pubDate>
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    <guid isPermaLink="false">300114</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[The Big Question: Is Iraq on the Road to Democracy?]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/the-big-question-is-iraq-on-the-road-to-democracy/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[Iraqis went to the polls on 7 March to choose a 325-member parliament to replace the one elected in 2005. The results have only recently been announced and are being challenged by the Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. It is expected to take four or five months to produce a new government and violence has not diminished. Bombings in Baghdad on Sunday killed 41 people and wounded a further 437.The election was closely monitored by Iraqi and foreign observers and accepted by the UN as reflecting the ]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Thu, 08 Apr 2010 04:04:05 -0400</pubDate>
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<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">299779</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Iraq’s Long, Hot Summer?]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/iraqs-long-hot-summer/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[It’s probably still too soon to declare with authority that Ayad Allawi’s Iraqiya party has won the plurality in Iraq’s March 7 parliamentary elections. Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki’s Rule of Law Coalition, which placed a very close second, has insisted that the election was manipulated and has pledged to fight it any way they can—by demanding a recount and challenging the election in a variety of Iraqi governmental institutions.Moreover, Allawi’s victory was a narrow one. It seems that Iraqiyy]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Tue, 30 Mar 2010 14:54:32 -0400</pubDate>
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<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">299385</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Iraq's Kurds Lose Political Dominance in Kirkuk]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/iraqs-kurds-lose-political-dominance-in-kirkuk/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[Before the March 7 parliamentary election in Iraq, there was no question of who dominated politics in mixed-population Kirkuk -- it was the two main political factions in the neighboring Kurdish autonomous region. But with the vote count from Kirkuk city and its surrounding Tamin Province about 80 percent complete, it is clear that the political landscape is dramatically changing.The partial vote count shows the secular Al-Iraqiyah coalition and the Kurdistan Alliance in a virtual tie, with the ]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Sun, 21 Mar 2010 05:47:39 -0400</pubDate>
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    <guid isPermaLink="false">299145</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Resolving Iraqi Displacement: Humanitarian and Development Perspectives]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/resolving-iraqi-displacement-humanitarian-and-development-perspectives-1/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[‘Decades of insecurity and violence have led to the displacement of millions of Iraqi men, women, and children. About half remain within the borders of Iraq as internally displaced persons (IDPs), while the other half live in countries throughout the region. Finding durable solutions for internally and externally displaced Iraqis requires the support of a wide range of actors to advance national reconciliation, livelihoods, public services, rule of law, and economic recovery.The Brookings-Bern P]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Sun, 14 Mar 2010 23:45:45 -0400</pubDate>
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<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">299057</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[After Elections, Iran Remains a Major Player in Iraq]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/after-elections-iran-remains-a-major-player-in-iraq/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[On March 7, millions of Iraqis "made their mark" and participated in the country's second, generally fair and democratic post-Saddam Hussein parliamentary elections -- an event that is exemplary for Iraq's Arab and Iranian neighbors. Among the good news was that election coalitions this time around were far more ethnically and confessional mixed than they were during the 2005 polls.The question is whether and how Iraq's fragile, young democracy and national unity can take hold and grow strong en]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Thu, 11 Mar 2010 06:12:36 -0500</pubDate>
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<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">299056</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Iraqis Set For Key Electoral Test]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/iraqis-set-for-key-electoral-test/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[There's a song that's getting considerable play on Iraqi radio stations in the run-up to this weekend's parliamentary elections. The lyrics extol the virtues of voting, no matter what the danger.  "I will vote and defy terrorism," they declare. "I have to vote for the sake of my loved ones."Songs, radio jingles, television spots, posters on downtown and neighborhoods streets -- the signs of campaigning were everywhere for the past three weeks until campaigning officially ended with a two-day "me]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Thu, 11 Mar 2010 06:08:25 -0500</pubDate>
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<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">298719</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Election Campaigning in Iraq, a Local View]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/election-campaigning-in-iraq-a-local-view/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[Iraq's politicians are using every possible tool -- from Facebook to election songs to old-fashioned campaigning -- to lure voters to the polls for Iraq's second parliamentary election on March 7. As campaigning winds up for Iraq's parliamentary election, the mood varies widely in different parts of the country. RFE/RL's Radio Free Iraq correspondents in several cities describe how the upcoming election is viewed in their hometowns.]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Fri, 05 Mar 2010 05:31:42 -0500</pubDate>
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<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">298695</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Report Says Iraqis Who Fled War Are Living In Poverty, Desperation]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/report-says-iraqis-who-fled-war-are-living-in-poverty-desperation/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[A new report says hundreds of thousands of Iraqis who fled their homes during seven years of war and now live as refugees and internally displaced persons are living in poverty and chronic uncertainty. The report, titled "A Tough Road Home," was issued by the New York-based relief organization International Rescue Committee (IRC) and says Iraqi who are unable to return home face growing desperation in exile. It describes an alarming situation where the needs of the displaced "have grown more acu]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Thu, 04 Mar 2010 07:48:22 -0500</pubDate>
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    <guid isPermaLink="false">298694</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Chalabi Takes Center Stage in Iraqi Election Dispute]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/chalabi-takes-center-stage-in-iraqi-election-dispute/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[Inside and outside Iraq, there are many who hope the March 7 parliamentary elections will be a major, unifying event for the country. But those hopes have been clouded by the continuing crisis over the banning of hundreds of mostly Sunni or secular candidates for alleged ties to the former ruling Ba'athist Party. The de-Ba'athification crisis has reignited Sunni charges that their community is being pushed from the political stage by the Shi'ite dominated government. And it has raised questions ]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Thu, 04 Mar 2010 07:39:38 -0500</pubDate>
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    <guid isPermaLink="false">298669</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Counting excess civilian casualties of the Iraq War: Science or Politics?]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/counting-excess-civilian-casualties-of-the-iraq-war-science-or-politics/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[This paper explores the science and politics of counting excess Iraqi civilian casualties of the 2003 US-led invasion of Iraq. The exact number of Iraqi civilian deaths as a result of the war is not known, and perhaps will never be known. The deaths of nearly one million Iraqi civilians remain disputed by governments and non-governmental organizations worldwide. The first part of this paper analyzes the reasons behind this dispute, and argues that the counting of excess Iraqi civilian casualties]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Thu, 04 Mar 2010 00:16:00 -0500</pubDate>
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    <guid isPermaLink="false">298650</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Iraq Sunnis Brace for Election Fallout]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/iraq-sunnis-brace-for-election-fallout/</link>
    <description><![CDATA["Here in the birthplace of Iraq's insurgency and its later turnabout against al-Qaida, Sunni Arabs are pushing to get out the vote in an election they see as their best hope of restoring some of their lost power. But they are gloomy over their chances of succeeding.They say what should have been an open vote has been tainted after hundreds of their candidates were blacklisted from the ballot. More broadly, they fear the nation's Shiite majority will bring to power hard-line religious parties who]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Wed, 03 Mar 2010 07:11:33 -0500</pubDate>
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    <guid isPermaLink="false">298455</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Ashraf Haidari: Strengthening the Afghan State must be Donors' Top Priority]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/haidari-strengthening-the-afghan-state-must-be-donors-top-priority/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[Washington DC - Afghan Embassy political counselor in Washington DC , M. Ashraf Haidari, spoke at a daylong conference on “Governance in Afghanistan : Afghan Perspectives on the Meaning of ‘Legitimacy;’ How to Achieve it and Sustain it at All Levels” on February 18, 2010. Hosted by Booz Allen Hamilton, the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency and the US Central Command sponsored the conference to help enhance the understanding by their analysts of the problems facing governance in Afghanistan . Othe]]></description>
    <!--author>by <a href="http://zunia.org/directory/profile/?profuserid=163487&amp;cHash=08e2d11f30" target="_self" class="member_bubble" userid="163487">M. Ashraf Haidari</a></author-->
    <pubDate>Sun, 28 Feb 2010 00:20:41 -0500</pubDate>
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    <guid isPermaLink="false">298421</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Iraq’s Uncertain Future: Elections and Beyond]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/iraqs-uncertain-future-elections-and-beyond-1/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[As a rule, Iraq’s post-Saddam elections have tended to magnify pre-existing negative trends. The parliamentary polls to be held on 7 March are no exception. The focus on electoral politics is good, no doubt, but the run-up has highlighted deep-seated problems that threaten the fragile recovery: recurring election-related violence; ethnic tensions over Kirkuk; the re-emergence of sectarianism; and blatant political manipulation of state institutions. The most egregious development was the decisio]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Fri, 26 Feb 2010 13:53:42 -0500</pubDate>
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    <guid isPermaLink="false">297965</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[“Playing with fire in Iraq"]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/playing-with-fire-in-iraq/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[Iraq’s already fragile political order has been thrust into further turmoil in the past three weeks over an attempt to bar 511 candidates, several of them prominent political figures, from legislative elections in March for alleged ties to Saddam Hussein’s Baath Party. The decision, taken by Iraq’s Accountability and Justice Commission, has the potential to ignite a new civil war and precipitate the collapse of the post-2003 order.]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Tue, 16 Feb 2010 13:15:59 -0500</pubDate>
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    <guid isPermaLink="false">297416</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Regional Response Plan for Iraqi Refugees 2010]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/regional-response-plan-for-iraqi-refugees-2010-1/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[The 2010 Regional Response Plan for Iraqi Refugees (RRP) continues a process initiated by the inter-agency consolidated appeal for Iraq and the Region in 2009.  Drawing upon lessons learned during the 2009 CAP process, the RRP seeks to provide the most appropriate and effective protection and assistance for Iraqi refugees.  It establishes a framework for collaboration on behalf of Iraqi refugees scattered across 12 countries – primarily Syria, Jordan and Lebanon, but also Egypt, Turkey, Iran and]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Sun, 07 Feb 2010 07:09:04 -0500</pubDate>
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    <guid isPermaLink="false">297399</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Iraq Policy: D]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/iraq-policy-d/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[Recent suicide bombings in the heart of Baghdad have sent a message to Washington: Maintaining the Iraq policy of the past administration does not inspire hope.Iraqi insurgents linked to al-Qaeda claimed responsibility for the bombing, which hit hotels frequented by Western journalists. The attacks followed the government’s banning of 511 parliamentary candidates for the upcoming election this March. Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki’s government banned a large number of independents, nationalists, ]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Sun, 07 Feb 2010 02:55:59 -0500</pubDate>
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<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">296712</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[IRAQ: Sectarian tension ahead of polls threatens "humanitarian crisis" - analysts]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/iraq-sectarian-tension-ahead-of-polls-threatens-humanitarian-crisis-analysts/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[A government move to exclude a number of prominent Sunni candidates from national parliamentary elections on 7 March could re-ignite sectarian violence and create a new humanitarian crisis in the war-torn country, according to some analysts. "Iraq is on the verge of another humanitarian crisis if the current political situation continues to worsen between the political parties or between Sunnis and Shia over participation in the coming elections," Mohammed Abdul-Aziz Jassim, a political sciences]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Sun, 24 Jan 2010 13:17:17 -0500</pubDate>
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    <guid isPermaLink="false">293788</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Guideline for Conducting Functional Review Exercises]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/guideline-for-conducting-functional-review-exercises/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[A functional review is a review of the core functions within a sector, usually focused at the level of a Ministry or Department at central or sub-national levels involving a review of one or more of the following: (i) policy appropriateness (ii) efficiency (iii) upstream program effectiveness or (iv) downstream organizational reviews and business process re-engineering.  Reviews are conducted when there is concern that the policy framework and its relation to the delivery of basic and essential ]]></description>
    <!--author>by <a href="http://zunia.org/directory/profile/?profuserid=501109&amp;cHash=4ed13bea48" target="_self" class="member_bubble" userid="501109">Geopolicity Inc.</a></author-->
    <pubDate>Mon, 07 Dec 2009 05:41:28 -0500</pubDate>
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    <guid isPermaLink="false">290977</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[U.N. touts food vouchers sent by text]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/un-touts-food-vouchers-sent-by-text/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[For the first time ever, relief workers from the UN are using text messages to send virtual food vouchers to Iraqi refugees in Syria.]]></description>
    <!--author>by <a href="http://zunia.org/directory/profile/?profuserid=501214&amp;cHash=a96bcb01f3" target="_self" class="member_bubble" userid="501214">Kazi Hoque</a></author-->
    <pubDate>Fri, 30 Oct 2009 10:19:08 -0400</pubDate>
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<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">290630</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Developing a Livelihoods Assessment and Strategy: Case Study from UNHCR Jordan]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/developing-a-livelihoods-assessment-and-strategy-case-study-from-unhcr-jordan/</link>
    <description><![CDATA["In order to help poor families meet their basic needs, UNHCR Jordan has implemented a large cash assistance program, providing cash through an ATM card system. This form of assistance was necessary because those families who have fled Iraq are extremely vulnerable, have no work permits, and are at risk of arrest and detention if they do work there illegally. The funding for cash assistance is mainly targeted at the poorest households and individuals, and will not be available indefinitely. It i]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Tue, 27 Oct 2009 02:00:55 -0400</pubDate>
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<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">286594</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Iraq draft Law of Non Governmental Organizations: 2009]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/iraq-draft-law-of-non-governmental-organizations-2009/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[The Iraq draft Law of Non Governmental Organizations which is currently under consideration by the country's Parliament has been the subject of severe criticism by civil society. Enactment of the draft Law in its present form will severely curtail the activities of NGOs providing substantial support to the people of Iraq and assisting in the achievement of Millennium Development Goals.]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Tue, 01 Sep 2009 06:48:07 -0400</pubDate>
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<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">285647</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[The Battle for Baghdad]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/the-battle-for-baghdad/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[The Scheming had gone on for hours. The Iraqis were from a half dozen different political groupings, some sectarian, and some secular. It was Baghdad, it was February 2009 and it was less than a month after Iraq’s provincial elections. For our hosts, the purpose of the dinner was to assure me and a colleague that their coalition had enough people on its side to oust Prime Minister Nuri Kamal al-Maliki in a vote of no confidence. It was one of many such meals we attended on that trip with Iraqi f]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Mon, 31 Aug 2009 03:42:26 -0400</pubDate>
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    <guid isPermaLink="false">285588</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Building Bridges to the Future]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/building-bridges-to-the-future/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[The prime minister of Iraq sent a strong signal to seasoned exporters and investors that now is the time to seek out business opportunities in Iraq in almost every sector, but especially in the essential areas of oil and gas, construction, electricity, building materials and agriculture.As security improves, Iraq’s focus – and that of its largest province – is turning to economic development and reconstruction, writes Courtney Fingar.]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Sun, 30 Aug 2009 06:01:57 -0400</pubDate>
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<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">285347</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Iraq: The future of Kirkuk - The referendum and its potential impact on displacement]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/iraq-the-future-of-kirkuk-the-referendum-and-its-potential-impact-on-displacement/</link>
    <description><![CDATA["This paper focuses on the future of Kirkuk, an oil-rich area from which large numbers of Kurds, Turkmen and others were expelled during the Saddam Hussein regime and where a referendum is to determine its future. Subsequent reports will address relations between Northern Iraq and Turkey and their implications for displacement, prospects for return of Iraqi refugees and IDPs, and other issues as they emerge."]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Thu, 27 Aug 2009 03:32:06 -0400</pubDate>
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    <guid isPermaLink="false">284921</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections prevalence and risk factors among under-five children in Iraq in 2000]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/diarrhoea-and-acute-respiratory-infections-prevalence-and-risk-factors-among-under-five-children-in/</link>
    <description><![CDATA["In a study of under-five children in Iraq in 2000, we found that history of diarrhoea and ARI were negatively associated with lower socio-economic status, adequate disposal of children s stool and dirty water, but the results were inconsistent in terms of access to potable water and sanitation facilities due to non-functioning of water and sewage plants after the war. Improvement in water quality and sanitation are vital in the reduction of diarrhoeal diseases."]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Sun, 23 Aug 2009 01:53:41 -0400</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">284617</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Iraq: USCENTCOM and Iraqi Government estimates of the trends in the patterns in violence and casualties]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/iraq-uscentcom-and-iraqi-government-estimates-of-the-trends-in-the-patterns-in-violence-and-casualt/</link>
    <description><![CDATA["As ABC has reported, an Iraqi official has now released Iraqi estimates of the level of violence in Iraq, outside Kurdistan, and detailed estimates of the causes of violence and casualty levels in Baghdad. When these are compared with earlier data provide by USCENTCOM, they reveal both how far Iraq has come and how far it still has to go. They are also show that the recent bombings are only part of the story and that estimates based either on the number of bombings or total killed tell only par]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Wed, 19 Aug 2009 07:31:05 -0400</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">284539</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Trends in violence and civilian casualties:, 2005-2009]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/trends-in-violence-and-civilian-casualties-2005-2009/</link>
    <description><![CDATA["Iraq has made major progress since 2007, but it has also remained a violent place by regional and international standard Iraq needs time to determine how successful its efforts at political accommodation, stability, and security will be."]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Tue, 18 Aug 2009 07:19:33 -0400</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">283009</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[New Kurdish Party Could Destabilize Northern Iraq]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/new-kurdish-party-could-destabilize-northern-iraq/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[Although official results won't be due for up to a week, the victory of the two ruling parties in last Saturday's provincial election in Kurdish-controlled northern Iraq was never in doubt. The Kurdish Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) have run the region in a virtual duopoly since 1991, when the U.S.-patrolled No-Fly Zone helped force Saddam Hussein's military out of the region. However, a new coalition, the Change List, is expected to make gains in the election,]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Sun, 02 Aug 2009 04:38:04 -0400</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">282888</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[National Profile for the Information Society in Iraq]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/national-profile-for-the-information-society-in-iraq/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[The land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers occupied by Iraq has been continuously inhabited since the civilizations of ancient Mesopotamia. In the seventh and eighth centuries, Baghdad became the centre of the Abbasid caliphate. In 1258, the Mongols captured the capital. The Ottomans took the city in 1534-1535 and held on to it for nearly 400 years. From 1921 to 1932 the British, under a League of Nations mandate, set about creating the institutions of government. When Iraq gained formal i]]></description>
    <!--author>by <a href="http://zunia.org/directory/profile/?profuserid=348496&amp;cHash=a1350932b8" target="_self" class="member_bubble" userid="348496">Clotilde EKOKA DIKANDA</a></author-->
    <pubDate>Fri, 31 Jul 2009 11:52:40 -0400</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">280745</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[How the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars Have Shaped the Obama Administration]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/how-the-iraq-and-afghanistan-wars-have-shaped-the-obama-administration/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[Senior Fellow Michael O'Hanlon assesses how the Iraq and Afghanistan wars have shaped the early months of the Obama administration and explains why the election in Kurdistan is important to the American people.]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Wed, 29 Jul 2009 01:37:24 -0400</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">279813</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[An Iraqi Armenian teen shows the way to a new life]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/an-iraqi-armenian-teen-shows-the-way-to-a-new-life/</link>
    <description><![CDATA["Mariam Sargis has spent most of her life in Iraq, but the teenager is now getting an unexpected chance to discover the land and language of her ancestors. And the 14-year-old is thriving; setting an example to her family, her community and other refugees with her enthusiasm."]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Tue, 21 Jul 2009 07:01:12 -0400</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">279796</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Tactical Generals: Leaders, Technology, and the Perils]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/tactical-generals-leaders-technology-and-the-perils/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[General Charles Krulak coined the term “strategic corporal” (a junior member trained to make time-critical decisions in response to the dynamic ground fight). Peter Singer examines a similar phenomenon occurring among senior officers, observing that modern technology allows generals to personally engage on the tactical level from remote locations.]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Tue, 21 Jul 2009 05:57:34 -0400</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">279774</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Palestinian families coping well with resettlement in Iceland]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/palestinian-families-coping-well-with-resettlement-in-iceland/</link>
    <description><![CDATA["Last September, UNHCR reported about the resettlement to Iceland of a group of vulnerable Palestinian women and their children from a harsh desert camp near Iraq's border with Syria.The fortunes of Iceland have nosedived since the arrival of the group of 29, with its economy battered by the global financial crisis. But the Palestinian women are still happy to be in the rugged little island nation in the North Atlantic, as UNHCR Senior External Relations Officer Hanne Mathisen found out during a]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Tue, 21 Jul 2009 03:12:43 -0400</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">279695</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Change in the Air? An election in Iraqi Kurdistan]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/change-in-the-air-an-election-in-iraqi-kurdistan/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[No one seems to think that the position of the senior Barzani is under threat as the region’s top man. He heads the most powerful Kurdish clan unchallenged, as his father did before him. In a separate ballot on the same day as the assembly vote, Kurds are likely to re-elect him.In general, they still appreciate the longest period of peace they have enjoyed for many years, especially compared with the continuing bloodshed farther south. Prosperity has grown. The infrastructure has improved. New o]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2009 06:50:27 -0400</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">279679</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Impact of Mobile Phone Networks in Iraq]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/impact-of-mobile-phone-networks-in-iraq/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[This comprehensive study examines the impact of mobile phone networks in Iraq, a country where they were previously unavailable. This report forms part of the larger "MTC Report on the Socio-Economic Impact of Mobile Phones in the Arab World" which is also available in the Mobile Database. Full paper is in PDF format; Number of pages: 66p]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2009 06:03:35 -0400</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">279127</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Toolbox: The Refugee Imperative in Iraq]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/toolbox-the-refugee-imperative-in-iraq-2/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[The recent news from Iraq has been mostly good. Violence is down significantly, sectarian militias are giving ground to Iraqi security forces, and we see signs of a political process that could foster reconciliation, deliver basic services and pave the way for an orderly U.S. withdrawal. However, one major threat to Iraq’s hard-won stability has yet to be fully acknowledged, let alone addressed: the problem of displacement. ]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Tue, 14 Jul 2009 05:32:33 -0400</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">279125</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Iraq's Displaced: Where to Turn?]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/iraqs-displaced-where-to-turn-2/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[Refugees and internally displaced persons are hardly a new phenomenon for Iraq. Under Saddam Hussein's regime, forced displacement was a tool used to subdue recalcitrant populations and punish political opponents. Roberta Cohen says that the U.S. invasion and the toppling of Saddam Hussein, far from resolving the problem however, made it worse. The ensuing conflicts increased the number of people forced to flee their homes and a combination of national and international steps needs to be taken. ]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Tue, 14 Jul 2009 05:10:15 -0400</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">279121</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Minorities, Displacement and Iraq's Future]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/minorities-displacement-and-iraqs-future-2/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[It is no coincidence that many internally displaced persons and refugees are members of minority groups. In every region of the world, minorities have been repressed, killed and displaced by governments and other armed actors seeking to take over their territory, command their loyalty, and control their actions. In this paper, Elizabeth Ferris &amp; Kimberly Stoltz examine the relationship between minorities and displacement, with a particular emphasis on Iraq's smaller minorities.]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Tue, 14 Jul 2009 04:50:58 -0400</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">279099</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Returns to Iraq: Questions and More Questions]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/returns-to-iraq-questions-and-more-questions-2/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[As violent incidents decrease in Iraq and as US combat troops prepare to withdraw, expectations will grow that Iraqis will return to their communities in growing numbers. In fact, UN Officials and political leaders in Iraq, the region, and the US have always expected that return will be the durable solution for Iraqi IDPs and refugees without giving serious consideration to other options. For returns to be successful, the government of Iraq and the international community need to learn from the ]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Tue, 14 Jul 2009 03:44:25 -0400</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">278978</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[Confidence Building between Turks and Iraqi Kurds]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/confidence-building-between-turks-and-iraqi-kurds/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[The Obama administration’s “responsible redeployment” from Iraq is made even more urgent by the requirements resulting from worsening conditions in Afghanistan and Pakistan. For redeployment to occur on scale and on schedule, the United States seeks an end-state in Iraq that is stable and at peace with its neighbors. Simmering sectarian violence is inevitable, but it will not break Iraq. However, ethnic conflict between Arabs and Kurds could escalate into a major conflagration with regional impl]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Mon, 13 Jul 2009 06:56:01 -0400</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">278965</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[The Beginning of the End in Iraq]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/the-beginning-of-the-end-in-iraq/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[When Saddam Hussein's army defeated Iran in 1988, the Iraqi dictator filled a huge square in downtown Baghdad with the captured debris--vehicles, artillery and other equipment--that his forces had won on the battlefields of the war. To those who saw the display, it was a stunning symbol of Iraq's new power. When President George H.W. Bush liberated Kuwait from that same Iraqi army in 1991, he held a victory parade on Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington to commemorate the war. America, it appeared,]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Mon, 13 Jul 2009 05:53:58 -0400</pubDate>
</item>

<item>
    <guid isPermaLink="false">29234</guid>
    <title><![CDATA[In Iraq, Journalists Who Cover Corruption Are Buying Guns to Protect Themselves]]></title>
    <link>http://zunia.org/post/in-iraq-journalists-who-cover-corruption-are-buying-guns-to-protect-themselves/</link>
    <description><![CDATA[Journalist Yasin al-Fadhawi’s recent brush with death has prompted him to look for a new home -- and a gun. As he was getting ready for work on May 30, Fadhawi received an early-morning call from his neighbor -- a man he describes as “annoyingly curious” -- warning him that danger was lurking.“His voice was shaking as he told me over and over again, ‘don’t go out, stay in your house and call the police. Two people put a strange object at the entrance to your house and ran away’,” Fadhawi recalle]]></description>
    <!--author>by Zunia</author-->
    <pubDate>Sun, 21 Jun 2009 07:25:09 -0400</pubDate>
</item>

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