Source: Biomedcentral.com

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Framing Rights and Responsibilities: Accounts of Women with a History of AIDS Activism

biomedcentral.com –

In South Africa, policy with respect to HIV/AIDS has had a strong rights-based framing in line with international trends and in keeping with the constitutional overhaul in the post-Apartheid era. There have also been considerable advances since 1994 towards legal enshrinement of sexual and reproductive health rights and in the provision of related services. Since HIV in this setting has heavily affected women of reproductive age, there has been discussion about the particular needs of this more...

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Moushumi Biswas on February 19, 2012

HIV prevention cost-effectiveness: A systematic review

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The authors note that interstudy and intercountry comparisons are complicated by different baseline scenarios and that the provision of realistic cost-effectiveness results is constrained by limited information on effectiveness and a failure to take into account interaction effects between multiple interventions (e.g., prevention and treatment strategies). They also highlight that the exclusion of cost-effectiveness analysis in studies finding no effect can lead to biased cost-effectiveness more...

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D C on October 10, 2011

Impact of maternal education about complementary feeding and provision of complementary foods on child growth in developing Countries

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The authors review and synthesise the evidence from 17 studies assessing evidence on the effectiveness of complementary feeding interventions in developing countries of sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean and South Asia.In line with the conclusions of previous reviews and despite wide heterogeneity in the results of the included studies, the authors find that feeding interventions, both the provision of complementary food with and without nutritional counselling and nutritional more...

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D C on October 10, 2011

The Effectiveness of interventions to change six health behaviours: A review of reviews

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This paper reports the findings of a review of reviews of behavioural change interventions to reduce unhealthy behaviours or promote healthy behaviours. We included six different health-related behaviours in the review: healthy eating, physical exercise, smoking, alcohol misuse, sexual risk taking (in young people) and illicit drug use. The focus of interventions varied, but those targeting specific individuals were generally designed to change an existing behaviour (e.g. cigarette smoking, more...

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D C on February 09, 2012

New biodiversity map of the Andes shows species in dire need of protection

biomedcentral.com –

"The Andes-Amazon basin of Peru and Bolivia is one of the most biologically rich and rapidly changing areas of the world. A new study published in BioMed Central’s open access journal BMC Ecology has used information collected over the last 100 years by explorers and from satellite images which reveals detailed patterns of species and ecosystems that occur only in this region. Worryingly, the study also finds that many of these unique species and ecosystems are lacking vital national level more...

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John Daly on February 03, 2012

Resource flows and levels of spending for the response to HIV and AIDS in Belarus

biomedcentral.com –

Whereas Belarus has a focused HIV epidemic concentrated among injecting drug users, female sex workers and men who have sex with men, this paper argues that, until 2008, Belarus had no way of evaluating HIV spending priorities. This comprehensive National AIDS Spending Assessment (NASA) analyses HIV spending priorities. The authors used the NASA approach to 'follow the money' from the funding sources to agents and providers, and eventually to beneficiary populations.Belarus spent the majority more...

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D C on October 17, 2011

Effect of breastfeeding promotion interventions on breastfeeding rates, with special focus on developing countries

biomedcentral.com –

The benefits of breastfeeding for the health of mothers and children are broadly recognised. The WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding of infants for the first six months, and continuing breastfeeding with the support of supplementary foods until the child’s second birthday or longer. Despite the benefits of breastfeeding, it is not common practice, neither in developed countries nor in developing countries. Among other causes, emotional stress, lack of support by social workers, and family more...

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D C on October 10, 2011

Why not just Google it? An Assessment of Information Literacy Skills in a Biomedical Science Curriculum

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BackgroundFew issues in higher education are as fundamental as the ability to search for, evaluate, and synthesize information. The need to develop information literacy, the process of finding, retrieving, organizing, and evaluating the ever-expanding collection of online information, has precipitated the need for training in skill-based competencies in higher education, as well as medical and dental education.MethodsThe current study evaluated the information literacy skills of first-year more...

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D C on April 26, 2011

Current smoking behaviour among rural South African children

biomedcentral.com –

Association between tobacco products use and habits, attitudes and beliefs were explored in this study. Results show that the usage of tobacco products was high among older boys. Girls did not smoke cigarette. This tobacco use behaviour mirrors the cultural norms and adult behavior. The association of this tobacco used products with biological parameters will shed more light on the health of these children over time.

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Sonia Hossain on July 04, 2011

Women, poverty and adverse maternal outcomes in Nairobi, Kenya

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The link between poverty and adverse maternal outcomes has been studied largely by means of quantitative data. This paper explores poor urban Kenyan women’s views and lived experiences of the relationship between economic disadvantage and unpleasant maternal outcomes.

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Farina Ahmed on January 30, 2011

Uptake and outcomes of a prevention-of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) program in Malawi

biomedcentral.com –

HIV prevalence among pregnant women in Malawi is 12.6%, and mother-to-child transmission is a major route of transmission. As PMTCT services have expanded in Malawi in recent years, the authors sought to determine uptake of services, HIV-relevant infant feeding practices and mother-child health outcomes. This study shows low PMTCT program efficiency and effectiveness under routine program conditions in Malawi. HIV-free infant survival may have been influenced by key factors, including underuse more...

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Sonia Hossain on June 23, 2011

Inequities in utilization of maternal health interventions in Namibia

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The objective of this study is to identify and measure socio-economic inequalities in access to maternal health services using data from the Namibia Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) and propose recommendations relevant for policy and planning.

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Sonia Hossain on August 02, 2010

biomedcentral.com –

In this study, the authors explore gender-related beliefs and reactions of society, including health care professionals (HCPs), with regard to people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), using Connell's theoretical framework of gender and power (1987). We show that women's generally low status in society contributes to the extreme negative reactions to which female PLWHA are subject. There is a need to protect women's rights through implementing support policies, including paying attention to gender more...

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Sonia Hossain on September 14, 2010

'Relief of oppression': An organizing principle for researchers' obligations to participants in observational studies in the developing world

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BackgroundA central question in the debate about exploitation in international research is whether investigators and sponsors from high-income countries (HIC) have obligations to address background conditions of injustice in the communities in which they conduct their research, beyond the healthcare and other research-related needs of participants, to aspects of their basic life circumstances.DiscussionIn this paper, we describe the Majengo sexually transmitted disease (STD) Cohort study, a more...

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John Daly on August 13, 2010

Malaria prevention reduces in-hospital mortality among severely ill tuberculosis patients

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Malaria and Tuberculosis (TB) are important causes of morbidity and mortality in Africa. In the TB National Reference Center in Guinea-Bissau, admitted patients are in severe clinical conditions and mortality during the rainy season is high. A three-step malaria prevention program is performed to reduce mortality in TB patients during the rainy season. In conclusion, the prospective observational study suggests that malaria vector control, personal protection and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis can more...

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Sonia Hossain on April 25, 2011

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